装药及外界保护介质对炸药爆轰合成超微金刚石的影响

研究了不同保护介质对超微金刚石（ＵＦＤ）生成的影响，认为爆轰产物与外部介质间的传热速度对ＵＦＤ得率影响很大；外部保护介质在爆轰产物膨胀阶段的保压作用在ＵＦＤ合成过程中有重要作用。实验结果指出，要提高ＵＦＤ得率，装药应存在一个最佳直径。用水和冰作为保护介质可使ＵＦＤ得率超过１０％，比利用马赫效应装药更适用于实际生产。     

Structural,optical and photocatalytic properties of (Mg,Al)-codoped ZnO powders prepared by sol–gel method

Structural and optical properties of 1 at % Al-doped Zn_1−xMg_xO (x=0–8%) powders prepared by sol–gel method were systematically investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible absorbance measurement, photoluminescence and Raman scattering spectra. All the powders retained the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO. The band gap and near band emission energies determined from absorbance and photoluminescence spectra increased linearly with increasing Mg content, respectively, which implied that the Mg worked effectively on ZnO band gap engineering, irrespective of Al codoping. However, according to the PL and Raman scattering studies, for the sample of x=8%, the Al doping efficiency was decreased by higher Mg codoping. On the other hand, the effect of Mg codoping on photocatalytic degradation of methylene orange was explored experimentally. The substitution of Mg ions at Zn sites shifted the conduction band toward higher energies and then enhanced the photocatalytic activity, while the incorporation of interstitial Mg ions and decreased Al doping efficiency for higher Mg doping sample (x=8%) reduced the photocatalytic activity.     

Color-Changing Sparks from Rare Earth Metal Powders

Commonly, sparks emit light according to the well-known black (gray) body radiation. Recently, we reported on color-changing sparks based on erbium powder, which switch their light emission between black body emission (surface combustion) and element-specific emission (vapor phase combustion). Herein, we investigated the spark formation from the adjacent rare-earth elements. The corresponding boiling points are significantly below (Yb, Sm, Tm) or above (Y, Lu) the boiling point of Er. While Yb and Sm evaporate too fast to form longer sparks, Y, Lu and Tm form color-changing sparks with varying length of the element-specific emission phase. The sparks were investigated by time-resolved emission spectroscopy, long-time exposures, and NIR/MIR imaging. The same basic pyrotechnic formulation containing one of these metal powders reveals a strongly differing burning behavior depending on the boiling point of the metal. The burning characteristics change from a green strobe (Yb) to intense colorful crackling (Tm) and finally a sparkling fountain with long-flying sparks (Lu, Y, Er).     

Ce-TiO_x超细粒子的模板法制备及结构研究

利用模板法结合真空干燥技术制备出Ce-TiOx超细粒子,用XRD,TG-DSC,TEM等手段进行表征;以甲基橙溶液的光催化降解测试Ce-TiOx超细粒子的催化活性;考察初始物质的量比及热处理温度对Ce-TiOx超细粒子的结构及光催化活性的影响。结果显示:钛干凝胶经400℃热处理可得结晶度较高的锐钛矿型TiO2,800℃时TiO2转变为金红石相;Ce-Ti干凝胶经800℃热处理可得粒径约为45 nm的类球形颗粒;Ce-TiOx超细粒子中,钛以Ti3O5,Ti6O11,TiO2等多种形式存在,铈以CeO2和Ce7O12的形式存在;稀土铈影响Ce-TiOx超细粒子中钛的价态。     

氧化石墨烯/超细银粒子复合物的制备及其光电性能

超细银粉在太阳能电池正面电极领域有广阔的应用前景,其粒径分布、分散性、表面态与其性能息息相关。 本文通过在液相还原法合成超细银粉的后期引入氧化石墨烯(GO),利用溶液状态下二者相对活性的表面的相互作用获得了性能优良的银粉。 通过X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段对所得复合超细银粉进行结构及形貌表征,结果显示该法获得的银粉分散性较好、尺寸分布较窄。 进而,利用紫外-可见光谱探讨了GO与银粒子之间的相互作用。 而且研究发现:固定硝酸银溶液的浓度,随着GO含量的增加,银粉的导电性能先升高后降低,当GO的质量分数为2.5%时,导电性能更好。 这为超细银粉在实际中的应用提供重要数据和有益参考。     

中国海大陆架沉积物超细标准物质系列研制

5个中国海大陆架沉积物标准物质的原样分别取自东海和南海,样品风干后,先经球磨制备成200目的均匀粉体,再用气流磨进一步加工成超细粒度的均匀样品.采用激光粒度仪检测了样品的粒度分布,5个样品的平均粒度均小于4 μm(约800目).采用高精度的XRF检验了样品的均匀性并以高灵敏度的ICP-AES、ICP-MS相配合确定了其最小取样量(5 mg).有12个实验室参加了合作定值研究,定值组分均为60个,其中MSCS-1,2分别有50和51个组分定为标准值,MSCS-3,4,5有52个组分定为标准值.全组分百分总和分别为99.9%, 99.9%, 100.4%, 100.1%和99.7%.     

Synthesis of terbium doped calcium phosphate nanocrystalline powders by citric acid sol–gel combustion method

Terbium doped calcium phosphate (Tb-doped CaP) nanocrystalline powders were synthesized by the citric acid sol–gel combustion method. The phase composition, morphology and luminescent property of Tb-doped CaP nanocrystalline powders were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence spectrophotometer and fluorescence microscopy. At 700 °C, Tb-doped CaP nanocrystalline powders are composed of HAP (main phase) and β-TCP (minor phase) with Tb doping content of 0.5–4%. SEM and TEM observations show that the 4% Tb-doped CaP nanocrystalline powders are about 50–150 nm spherical particles. The 4% Tb-doped CaP nanocrystalline powders exhibit the strongest emission at 548 nm (λ_excitation = 240 nm) and show strong green fluorescence under fluorescence microscopy.     

较为宽松条件下水热合成铁酸铋粉体

Bismuth ferrite(BiFeO₃) powders were hydrothermally synthesized by using FeCl₃·6H₂O and BiCl₃ as staring materials, NaOH as a mineralizer and NH₄Cl as an additive. The results show that pure BiFeO₃ powders can be synthesized under loose hydrothermal conditions of reaction temperature ranging from 140 to 230 ℃ and NaOH concentration ranging from 2 mol·L^-1 to 5 mol·L^-1. Moreover, the morphologies of the products can be controlled by changing the hydrothermal conditions.     

超细镍粉复合材料的微波电磁特性研究

以蒸馏水为溶剂,利用快捷、温和的液相还原法制备超细镍粉,将得到的超细镍粉作为填料制备了复合材料,考察了复合材料的电磁屏蔽和吸波性能．结果表明,超细镍粉质量分数为80％的树脂基复合材料在130MHz～1．5GHz测试频段范围内的电磁屏蔽性能高于45dB;而厚度为2mm的超细镍粉／石蜡复合材料在7GHz附近的反射率可达-27dB．     

XPS analysis of bio‐organic systems

A survey of the literature is made for the XPS analysis of food products (mainly spray‐dried powders, which reveal a considerable surface enrichment in lipids) and of microorganisms and related systems (extracellular polymer substances and biofilms). This survey is used as a background for discussions and recommendations regarding methodology. Sample preparation methods reviewed are freeze drying, analysis of frozen hydrated specimens and adsorption of surface‐active biocompounds on model substrates. Peak decomposition is a way to increase the wealth of information provided by the XPS spectra. It should be performed after a check that sample charge stabilization is satisfactory. Moreover, ensuring the precision needed to make comparisons within sets of samples may involve a trade‐off between imposing constraints and generating information. The examination of correlations between spectral data in the light of chemical guidelines is useful to validate or improve peak decomposition and component assignment, and may also upgrade the chemical information regarding speciation. Further upgrading may be achieved by expressing marker XPS data in terms of concentrations of compounds of interest. Different methods of computation are discussed, providing a composition in terms of ingredients, classes of biochemical compounds, or various organic and inorganic compounds. As an alternative or complement to this deterministic approach, multivariate analysis of suitable spectral windows provides spectral components, which may be used for comparing samples, and which may have a direct chemical relevance or be used to identify features of interest. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.